
Jeanne Hoff
In 1977 at the age of 39, Dr. Jeanne Hoff, a psychiatrist, welcomed a TV crew into her home in Manhattan. Their purpose was to document her journey towards her gender confirmation surgery scheduled the following day.
Lynn Redgrave and Frank Field hosted the documentary titled “Becoming Jeanne: A Search for Sexual Identity,” built around her journey, which was broadcast on NBC in the subsequent spring.
“The path we take regarding our bodies and our lives often unsettles those around us,” Dr. Hoff, a petite woman with brown hair down to her shoulders, explained during the broadcast. She continued, “I can see the fear and confusion in their eyes, even those who have known me for an extended period.”
She had been considering undergoing surgery for many years. Yet, making the decision to go public with her journey, which could have endangered her career and overall well-being, came more naturally to her.
Dr. Hoff aimed to highlight her struggles in acquiring treatment and dealing with doctors who lacked adequate knowledge about transgender individuals. She hoped that her experience would enlighten those in the medical field.
Coverage of transgender personalities during that era was sparse but significant. “Conundrum,” a memoir by travel writer Jan Morris on her own transition, was well received upon its release in 1974. In 1977, Renée Richards, an ophthalmology practitioner and tennis player, obtained a court order to participate in the women’s division at the U.S. Open.
However, Dr. Hoff’s appearance on television was primarily to serve as a model for many of her clients, which included many who identified as transgender or gay. She believed it was crucial for her to live her life openly, confidently, and with no shame, as she encouraged her patients to do the same.
On October 26, Dr. Hoff, believed to be the first transgender psychiatrist to disclose her identity, passed away in her San Francisco home at the age of 85. Carol Lucas, her friend, revealed that the cause of her death was Parkinson’s disease. Gay City News announced her passing this month.
Running a private practice in Manhattan at the time of her transition, Dr. Hoff had also taken over the practice of Dr. Harry Benjamin, a German-born endocrinologist often regarded as the pioneer for transgender care in America. However, in the timeline of that care, Dr. Hoff remains obscure, if recognized at all.
Jules Gill-Peterson, an associate professor at Johns Hopkins University specializing in sexuality and transgender history, discovered Dr. Hoff’s archives during her research for her 2018 book, “Histories of the Transgender Child.” It came as a surprise to her that a transgender woman was already practicing as a psychiatrist open about her identity during the 1970s.
Dr. Hoff had championed the release of a Black transgender woman who was institutionalized from age 15 until 30 due to her assertion of her gender identity being falsely diagnosed as “mental retardation,” “delusion,” and “sexual perversion.”
In the documentary “Becoming Jeanne,” Dr. Hoff addressed the lesser but prevalent sexism within her medical team. An example she pointed out was her surgeon’s insistence that her breast implants should be larger, leading him to be surprised when she did not want to appear overly conspicuous.
When questioned about marriage in the documentary, Dr. Hoff revealed her relationship with a man, but she was uncertain if the relationship would survive her transition (which it did not).
“The marriage market for middle-aged spinsters is not thriving,” she commented, emphasizing that she was not dependent on that market for happiness. She said she took fulfillment from her profession and her network of supportive and caring friends, a stark contrast to her life prior.
Dr. Hoff was an only child born on October 16, 1938, in St. Louis to James and Mary (Salih) Hoff. Her father worked as a bottler in a brewery during the 1950s. According to Ms. Lucas, a friend from the 1980s, Dr. Hoff’s memories of her upbringing were scarce but she alluded to it having been a difficult period marked by alcoholism from her father and scarcity.
After earning her B.A. from Washington University in 1960, half of which was funded by a scholarship, Dr. Hoff pursued a Master’s of Science at Yale. In 1963, she earned an M.D. in surgery from Columbia University’s College of Physicians and Surgeons. She served as an instructor in pathology and later as a resident in psychiatry at her alma mater, Washington University, between 1971-1976.
In the 1980s, she sold her practice and relocated to Hudson, New York. In nearby Kingston, she worked at a state-run outpatient clinic providing care to long-term psychiatric patients with severe disabilities, including schizophrenia. She later moved to a group practice in Pittsburgh before finally returning to Oakland, California, where she worked with previously incarcerated individuals via a program with the California Department of Corrections. Dr. Hoff’s eventual retirement in 1999 followed an attack by a prisoner.
“She did not recover well from that trauma,” Ms. Lucas acknowledged, “She said she couldn’t get mad, which would allow her to heal because he was a patient. Her compassion was tremendous.”
Dr. Hoff did not leave behind any immediate family members.
In “Becoming Jeanne,” Mr. Field inquired about how Dr. Hoff wished to be acknowledged and treated by others. To which she promptly responded, “It might not be necessary to exert oneself to grasp the idea of embracing transsexuals if one could simply adhere to the principle of minding one’s own business.”
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